When assessing a patient for signs of infiltration at an IV site, which observation would be the most indicative?

When assessing for signs of infiltration at an IV site, observing edema and swelling is the most indicative sign. Infiltration occurs when IV fluid leaks into the surrounding tissue instead of entering the bloodstream. This leakage typically causes the affected area to become visibly swollen, as the fluid accumulation creates pressure within the tissue. This swelling is a direct result of the fluids that are not being administered appropriately and can lead to discomfort for the patient.

While pain at the IV site, coolness surrounding the site, and discoloration of the skin can all be associated with infiltration, they can also relate to other complications or conditions. For example, while pain may indicate infiltration or phlebitis, coolness can suggest a lack of proper blood flow or other complications. Discoloration may occur due to various reasons, including bruising or extravasation of certain medications. However, swelling specifically signifies the presence of excess fluid and is a hallmark symptom unique to infiltration, making it the primary consideration when assessing IV sites.