What respiratory change is typically noted in patients experiencing an opioid overdose?

In cases of opioid overdose, a hallmark sign is a decreased respiratory rate, which can lead to hypoventilation and subsequently respiratory failure. Opioids act as central nervous system depressants, which means they inhibit the brain’s ability to regulate breathing effectively. This results in a significant reduction in the number and depth of breaths the patient takes, characterized by a slowed or even shallow respiratory pattern.

The other options indicate respiratory changes that are not typical in the context of an opioid overdose. Increased respiratory effort, irregular breathing patterns, or heightened respiratory rates are more likely associated with other conditions or responses, such as anxiety, pain, or pulmonary distress, rather than the depressant effects caused by opioids. Therefore, recognizing the characteristic decreased respiratory rate is crucial for identifying and managing opioid overdose effectively.