How does enteral nutrition differ from parenteral nutrition?

Enteral nutrition is characterized by its use of the gastrointestinal tract for delivery. This method involves providing nutrients directly into the stomach or small intestine, which can be accomplished through various means such as oral intake, tube feeding (nasogastric or gastrostomy), or other enteral routes. It aligns with the body's natural digestive processes, allowing for absorption of nutrients in a manner similar to eating. This is particularly advantageous for patients who have a functioning gastrointestinal tract but are unable to consume food orally due to various medical conditions.

In contrast, parenteral nutrition bypasses the gastrointestinal tract entirely, delivering nutrients directly into the bloodstream via intravenous methods. This is used for patients who cannot absorb nutrients through the digestive system due to conditions like severe malabsorption, gastrointestinal obstructions, or critical illnesses where digestive function is impaired.

Therefore, the focus on the gastrointestinal delivery system in enteral nutrition is what distinctly sets it apart from parenteral nutrition.